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Biosensors have the functions of receivers and converters. An instrument that is sensitive to biological substances and converts their concentrations into electrical signals for detection.
Substances in living organisms that can selectively distinguish specific substances include enzymes, antibodies, tissues, cells, etc. These molecular recognition functional substances can bind to the target through the recognition process to form complexes, such as the binding of antibodies and antigens, and the binding of enzymes to substrates.
When designing biosensors, selecting identification functional substances suitable for the measured object is an important prerequisite. Consider the characteristics of the resulting complex. Another important step in developing high-quality biosensors is to select transducers based on the chemical or physical changes caused by sensitive components prepared based on molecular recognition functional substances. The generation or consumption of light, heat, and chemical substances in sensitive components will result in corresponding changes. Based on these changes, an appropriate transducer can be selected.
The information generated by biochemical reaction processes is diverse, and the achievements of microelectronics and modern sensing technology have provided rich means for detecting this information.